In Arabic: العربية الفصحى
Arabic and its dialectsThe standard modern form of Arabic used in news, books, official documents and education across the Arab world. Everyone understands it, but it sounds more formal than the spoken dialects in ads and social content.
The spoken form of Arabic in a particular country or region, such as Saudi, Emirati, Kuwaiti, Egyptian or Levantine. Dialects differ in pronunciation, vocabulary and some grammar, and matching your audience's dialect makes a voice sound local.
The vowel and pronunciation marks written above or below Arabic letters: fatha, damma, kasra, sukun, shadda and tanween. Most Arabic is written without them, so a text to speech engine has to guess; adding tashkeel to ambiguous words tells it exactly how to read them.
The dialect of central Saudi Arabia, around Riyadh and Qassim, and what most people hear as "Saudi". It often pronounces qaf as a hard g and uses words like wesh (what), abi (I want) and alheen (now).
The dialect of western Saudi Arabia, in Jeddah, Mecca and Medina, distinct from Najdi in sound and vocabulary. Typical words include eish (what), abgha (I want) and dahheen (now).
An umbrella name for the dialects of the Gulf states: Kuwait, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman and eastern Saudi Arabia. They share many words such as wayed (a lot) and shlon (how), but each country has a flavour local listeners spot immediately.
The dialect of Egypt, specifically Cairo, and one of the most widely understood in the Arab world thanks to film and TV. It pronounces jeem as a hard g and qaf usually as a glottal stop; common words are ayez (I want), dilwa'ti (now) and keda (like this).
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